Regulations
All 61 questions in this topic, free — with answers, explanations, and the official source for each.
- Question 1
What is the minimum age to be issued a Private Pilot certificate for an airplane?
- A.14
- B.15
- C.16
- D.17
Show answer & explanation
Answer: D. 17Per §61.103, an applicant must be at least 17 years old for a Private Pilot certificate in the airplane category (16 for glider or balloon).
- Question 2
A Private Pilot applicant for an airplane single-engine land rating must have at least how many total flight hours?
- A.30
- B.35
- C.40
- D.50
Show answer & explanation
Answer: C. 40Part 61.109(a) requires 40 total flight hours — 20 dual instruction and 10 solo — with additional specific cross-country, night, and test prep requirements.
- Question 3
Which medical certificate is the minimum required to exercise Private Pilot privileges?
- A.First-Class only
- B.Second-Class only
- C.Third-Class (or BasicMed if eligible)
- D.No medical is required
Show answer & explanation
Answer: C. Third-Class (or BasicMed if eligible)Private Pilot privileges require at least a Third-Class medical certificate — or BasicMed if all BasicMed eligibility requirements are met.
- Question 4
A 35-year-old pilot receives a Third-Class medical certificate. How long is it valid for Private Pilot privileges?
- A.12 calendar months
- B.24 calendar months
- C.36 calendar months
- D.60 calendar months
Show answer & explanation
Answer: D. 60 calendar monthsUnder §61.23, a Third-Class medical for a pilot under 40 is valid 60 calendar months for operations requiring a Private Pilot medical.
- Question 5
A 45-year-old pilot receives a Third-Class medical. How long is it valid for Private Pilot privileges?
- A.12 calendar months
- B.24 calendar months
- C.36 calendar months
- D.60 calendar months
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. 24 calendar monthsFor pilots age 40 or older, Third-Class medicals are valid 24 calendar months for Private Pilot operations (§61.23).
- Question 6
To meet the solo cross-country requirement for a Private Pilot certificate (airplane), an applicant must accomplish one cross-country flight of at least:
- A.100 nautical miles total with two landings
- B.150 nautical miles total with three full-stop landings at three points
- C.200 nautical miles with one full-stop landing
- D.250 nautical miles with two landings
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. 150 nautical miles total with three full-stop landings at three points§61.109(a)(5)(ii) requires one solo cross-country flight of at least 150 NM total, with full-stop landings at three points — with one leg of at least 50 NM straight-line distance between takeoff and landing.
- Question 7
The FAA knowledge test passing score is:
- A.60%
- B.65%
- C.70%
- D.75%
Show answer & explanation
Answer: C. 70%FAA airman knowledge tests require a minimum score of 70% to pass.
- Question 8
A Private Pilot may NOT act as PIC of an aircraft carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire, EXCEPT:
- A.Private Pilots may never be compensated in any way
- B.Pro-rata sharing of operating expenses (fuel, oil, airport fees, rental) with passengers
- C.Full reimbursement if authorized by the passengers
- D.Tips, if the passengers freely offer them
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. Pro-rata sharing of operating expenses (fuel, oil, airport fees, rental) with passengers§61.113 permits only pro-rata sharing of operating expenses (fuel, oil, airport fees, and rental fees) with passengers, and a few narrowly defined exceptions.
- Question 9
A Private Pilot wishing to continue exercising PIC privileges must have a flight review within the preceding:
- A.6 calendar months
- B.12 calendar months
- C.24 calendar months
- D.36 calendar months
Show answer & explanation
Answer: C. 24 calendar months§61.56 requires a flight review (minimum 1 hour ground + 1 hour flight) every 24 calendar months.
- Question 10
To act as PIC carrying passengers during the day, a pilot must have made within the preceding 90 days at least:
- A.1 takeoff and 1 landing
- B.3 takeoffs and 3 landings
- C.5 takeoffs and 5 landings
- D.3 takeoffs and 3 full-stop landings
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. 3 takeoffs and 3 landings§61.57 requires 3 takeoffs and 3 landings in the preceding 90 days in the same category/class (and type, if a type rating is required). Landings for day passenger currency do not need to be full-stop.
- Question 11
Who is directly responsible for, and the final authority as to, the operation of the aircraft?
- A.The dispatcher
- B.The pilot in command
- C.The owner of the aircraft
- D.The manufacturer
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. The pilot in command§91.3(a) — The pilot in command is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft.
- Question 12
Over a congested area of a city, town, or settlement, no person may operate an aircraft closer than what distance from any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure?
- A.500 feet horizontal
- B.1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a 2,000-ft horizontal radius
- C.2,000 feet AGL
- D.500 feet AGL
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a 2,000-ft horizontal radius§91.119(b): over congested areas, at least 1,000 ft above the highest obstacle within a horizontal radius of 2,000 ft.
- Question 13
Over other than a congested area, the minimum safe altitude is:
- A.500 ft AGL, except over sparsely populated areas or open water
- B.1,000 ft AGL
- C.Clear of obstacles
- D.2,000 ft AGL
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. 500 ft AGL, except over sparsely populated areas or open water§91.119(c): 500 ft AGL, except over open water or sparsely populated areas, where no person, vessel, vehicle, or structure may be closer than 500 ft.
- Question 14
Two aircraft are converging at the same altitude; both are airplanes. Right of way belongs to:
- A.The faster airplane
- B.The airplane being overtaken
- C.The airplane on the right
- D.Whichever makes first radio contact
Show answer & explanation
Answer: C. The airplane on the right§91.113 — when two aircraft of the same category are converging, the one on the right has the right of way.
- Question 15
When two aircraft are approaching head-on or nearly so, each pilot shall:
- A.Turn left
- B.Turn right
- C.Turn whichever way is clear
- D.Descend
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. Turn right§91.113(e): in head-on or nearly head-on situations, each pilot alters course to the right.
- Question 16
Which aircraft has right-of-way over all other air traffic?
- A.Aircraft declaring minimum fuel
- B.Aircraft in distress
- C.Aircraft on instrument flight plan
- D.Balloon
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. Aircraft in distress§91.113(c): an aircraft in distress has the right of way over all other air traffic.
- Question 17
No person may act as PIC or other required flight crewmember within what period of having consumed alcohol?
- A.4 hours
- B.8 hours
- C.12 hours
- D.24 hours
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. 8 hours§91.17: 8 hours from bottle to throttle; also no flying while under the influence or with a BAC ≥ 0.04%.
- Question 18
Safety belts must be fastened for each occupant during:
- A.Takeoff and landing only
- B.Takeoff, landing, and during taxi
- C.Movement on the surface, takeoff, and landing
- D.The entire flight
Show answer & explanation
Answer: C. Movement on the surface, takeoff, and landing§91.107 — during movement on the surface, takeoff, and landing. Shoulder harnesses are required for takeoff and landing at each position where installed.
- Question 19
Preflight action for a flight not in the vicinity of an airport must include:
- A.Only a weather check
- B.Runway lengths at airports of intended use and alternatives
- C.Only a fuel calculation
- D.Nothing beyond what you remember from training
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. Runway lengths at airports of intended use and alternatives§91.103 — preflight must include, for any flight, applicable weather; and for flights not in the local area, fuel requirements, alternatives, runway lengths, takeoff/landing distance data.
- Question 20
When flying below 18,000 ft MSL, how often must the altimeter setting be updated?
- A.Once per hour
- B.When ATC assigns a new one
- C.Set to current reporting station within 100 NM; adjust as you progress
- D.Once per flight
Show answer & explanation
Answer: C. Set to current reporting station within 100 NM; adjust as you progress§91.121 requires altimeter set to current reporting station along the route within 100 NM; if no station, the departure elevation.
- Question 21
A pilot deviates from a regulation to meet an in-flight emergency. If requested by the Administrator:
- A.The pilot must explain only verbally
- B.The pilot must send a written report
- C.No report is needed
- D.The FAA reviews the flight data automatically
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. The pilot must send a written report§91.3(c) — if the Administrator so requests, the PIC must send a written report within a reasonable time.
- Question 22
A written NTSB accident report must be filed within what time after an accident?
- A.48 hours
- B.7 days
- C.10 days
- D.30 days
Show answer & explanation
Answer: C. 10 days49 CFR Part 830.15: the operator must file a written report within 10 days of an accident (or within 7 days if a missing aircraft is still overdue).
- Question 23
A pilot wishes to operate under BasicMed. Which is NOT a BasicMed eligibility requirement?
- A.Hold a current driver's license
- B.Has held an FAA medical certificate at any time after July 15, 2006
- C.Hold at least a current Third-Class medical certificate
- D.Complete a BasicMed medical exam every 48 months with a state-licensed physician
Show answer & explanation
Answer: C. Hold at least a current Third-Class medical certificateBasicMed does NOT require a current FAA medical — it replaces the requirement. Pilot must have held an FAA medical at any time after July 15, 2006 (§61.113, §68).
- Question 24
Under BasicMed, how often must a pilot complete the online medical education course?
- A.Every 12 calendar months
- B.Every 24 calendar months
- C.Every 48 months
- D.Once only
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. Every 24 calendar months§68.3 — BasicMed requires completion of the free online medical education course every 24 calendar months; physician exam every 48 months.
- Question 25
Which is a BasicMed operational limitation?
- A.Maximum 5 passengers (6 occupants total), ≤ 6,000 lb aircraft, below 18,000 ft MSL, less than 250 kt
- B.Only daytime flight
- C.VFR only
- D.No passengers
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. Maximum 5 passengers (6 occupants total), ≤ 6,000 lb aircraft, below 18,000 ft MSL, less than 250 kt§61.113(i) — ≤6 occupants (including PIC), aircraft ≤6,000 lb MGTOW, below 18,000 ft MSL, less than 250 kt indicated.
- Question 26
How long must a Private Pilot's logbook be retained?
- A.1 year after the pilot's most recent endorsement
- B.Logbooks must be retained to document aeronautical experience (e.g., for flight reviews, certificate applications) — there is no set retention; best practice is to keep permanently
- C.5 years
- D.Only until the next flight review
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. Logbooks must be retained to document aeronautical experience (e.g., for flight reviews, certificate applications) — there is no set retention; best practice is to keep permanently§61.51 requires logging specific flight experience; the logbook itself has no fixed retention period, but must be available to document recency, endorsements, and aeronautical experience.
- Question 27
A Private Pilot demonstrating or showing an aircraft for sale to a prospective buyer is:
- A.Prohibited under §61.113
- B.Permitted if the pilot has logged at least 200 hours and the flight is incidental to the sale
- C.Only permitted with a commercial certificate
- D.Permitted without restriction
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. Permitted if the pilot has logged at least 200 hours and the flight is incidental to the sale§61.113(e) — a Private Pilot with at least 200 hours total may demonstrate an aircraft in flight to a prospective buyer, if the flight is incidental to the sale.
- Question 28
Which is NOT a privilege of a Private Pilot certificate?
- A.Act as PIC in connection with a business, if the flight is incidental to that business
- B.Share operating expenses pro-rata with passengers
- C.Act as PIC of a charitable airlift flight with required documentation
- D.Act as PIC for hire to transport passengers
Show answer & explanation
Answer: D. Act as PIC for hire to transport passengers§61.113 prohibits acting as PIC for compensation or hire to carry passengers or property. The other three are permitted (subject to conditions).
- Question 29
Night flight experience required for a Private Pilot — Airplane certificate includes:
- A.No night experience required
- B.3 hours of night flight training, one cross-country >100 NM total distance, and 10 night takeoffs and 10 full-stop landings (each involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport
- C.5 hours of solo night
- D.5 night landings
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. 3 hours of night flight training, one cross-country >100 NM total distance, and 10 night takeoffs and 10 full-stop landings (each involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport§61.109(a)(2) — 3 hours of night flight training including one cross-country flight of over 100 NM total distance and 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (each involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport. The regulation does not require a towered airport.
- Question 30
Instrument flight training required for a Private Pilot — Airplane certificate is:
- A.None
- B.3 hours of instrument flight training (control and maneuvering solely by reference to instruments)
- C.10 hours
- D.40 hours
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. 3 hours of instrument flight training (control and maneuvering solely by reference to instruments)§61.109(a)(3) — 3 hours of instrument flight training in a single-engine airplane.
- Question 31
Under §61.56, a flight review must consist of at least:
- A.2 hours ground, 2 hours flight
- B.1 hour ground instruction and 1 hour flight training
- C.30 minutes ground, 30 minutes flight
- D.Entirely at the pilot's discretion
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. 1 hour ground instruction and 1 hour flight training§61.56: minimum 1 hour of flight training and 1 hour of ground training.
- Question 32
A flight review is NOT required if within the prior 24 calendar months the pilot has:
- A.Only flown a new aircraft type
- B.Passed a pilot proficiency check for a certificate or rating
- C.Logged 100 hours
- D.Completed a PPL written test
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. Passed a pilot proficiency check for a certificate or rating§61.56(c) — passing a pilot proficiency check for a pilot certificate, rating, or operating privilege within the preceding 24 calendar months satisfies the flight review requirement.
- Question 33
Maximum indicated airspeed below 10,000 ft MSL is:
- A.180 kt
- B.200 kt
- C.250 kt
- D.288 kt
Show answer & explanation
Answer: C. 250 kt§91.117(a) — no person may operate an aircraft below 10,000 ft MSL at an indicated airspeed of more than 250 kt.
- Question 34
Maximum indicated airspeed UNDERNEATH a Class B shelf, or in a VFR corridor through Class B, is:
- A.150 kt
- B.200 kt
- C.250 kt
- D.No limit
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. 200 kt§91.117(c) — 200 kt indicated underneath a Class B airspace shelf designated for an airport, or in a VFR corridor through Class B. INSIDE Class B the 250 kt limit (below 10,000 ft MSL) still applies.
- Question 35
Maximum indicated airspeed within 4 NM of a Class C/D airport below 2,500 ft AGL (at the primary airport) is:
- A.150 kt
- B.200 kt
- C.250 kt
- D.No limit
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. 200 kt§91.117(b) — 200 kt indicated within 4 NM of the primary airport of a Class C or D at or below 2,500 ft AGL.
- Question 36
Required equipment for VFR day (powered airplane) per §91.205 does NOT include:
- A.Airspeed indicator
- B.Altimeter
- C.Magnetic direction indicator
- D.Attitude indicator
Show answer & explanation
Answer: D. Attitude indicatorVFR day (§91.205(b)) does not require an attitude indicator. It IS required for VFR night and IFR. (Mnemonic: A TOMATO FLAMES for day.)
- Question 37
Required equipment for VFR NIGHT (in addition to day equipment) includes:
- A.Autopilot
- B.Fuses/circuit breakers (one set of spares or three of each kind), landing light (if for hire), anti-collision lights, position (nav) lights, source of electrical energy
- C.GPS
- D.Second altimeter
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. Fuses/circuit breakers (one set of spares or three of each kind), landing light (if for hire), anti-collision lights, position (nav) lights, source of electrical energy§91.205(c) — FLAPS: Fuses, Landing light (if for hire), Anti-collision lights, Position lights, Source of electrical energy (plus a spare set of fuses).
- Question 38
VFR cloud clearance in Class E airspace at or above 10,000 ft MSL and more than 1,200 AGL is:
- A.500 below, 1,000 above, 2,000 horizontal
- B.1,000 below, 1,000 above, 1 SM horizontal — visibility 5 SM
- C.Clear of clouds — 1 SM
- D.3,000 in all directions
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. 1,000 below, 1,000 above, 1 SM horizontal — visibility 5 SM§91.155 — at or above 10,000 ft MSL: 5 SM visibility, 1,000 below / 1,000 above / 1 SM horizontal. The reason: high-speed traffic detection distance.
- Question 39
Under §91.113, the aircraft with the RIGHT of way over all other engine-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft is:
- A.The faster airplane
- B.Balloon, glider, airship, then airplane/rotorcraft — roughly in order of maneuverability
- C.Rotorcraft
- D.Airship only
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. Balloon, glider, airship, then airplane/rotorcraft — roughly in order of maneuverability§91.113(d) right-of-way order: 1) in distress, 2) balloon, 3) glider, 4) airship, 5) airplane/rotorcraft. Less-maneuverable aircraft get priority.
- Question 40
Dropping an object from an aircraft (§91.15) is:
- A.Always prohibited
- B.Permitted if reasonable precautions are taken to avoid injury or damage
- C.Never permitted under Part 91
- D.Permitted only at uncontrolled airports
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. Permitted if reasonable precautions are taken to avoid injury or damage§91.15 — no person may allow any object to be dropped from an aircraft that creates a hazard to persons or property. It's permitted with reasonable precautions.
- Question 41
A pilot who deviates from an ATC clearance due to a TCAS/traffic-alert response must:
- A.Never report it
- B.Notify ATC as soon as practicable
- C.File a written report within 5 days
- D.Nothing — it's automatic
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. Notify ATC as soon as practicable§91.123(c) — each pilot in command who, in an emergency or in response to a traffic alert, deviates from an ATC clearance shall notify ATC of that deviation as soon as possible.
- Question 42
Required VOR receiver check period for IFR:
- A.30 days
- B.60 days
- C.90 days
- D.No check required for IFR-capable receivers
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. 30 days§91.171 — for IFR operations under VOR, a VOR check within the preceding 30 days logged in the aircraft records.
- Question 43
An airplane is due for its annual inspection on July 31. It may be legally flown for hire:
- A.Until August 30 (30-day grace)
- B.Not after 2359 local on July 31 — annual inspections do not have a grace period
- C.Another 100 hours
- D.Until the next 100-hour inspection
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. Not after 2359 local on July 31 — annual inspections do not have a grace period§91.409 — an annual inspection is valid for 12 calendar months. It must be completed within the month it expires; there is NO grace period beyond the end of that calendar month.
- Question 44
A 100-hour inspection may be exceeded by up to 10 hours only:
- A.Under any circumstance
- B.To reach a place where the inspection can be done; excess time counts against the NEXT 100-hour
- C.For emergency use only
- D.Once per year
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B. To reach a place where the inspection can be done; excess time counts against the NEXT 100-hour§91.409 — the 100-hour inspection may be exceeded by up to 10 hours while en route to reach a place where the inspection can be done. The excess time is subtracted from the next 100-hour interval.
- Question 45
A private pilot wants to carry passengers at night. They must have logged within the preceding 90 days:
- A.3 takeoffs and 3 landings to a full stop, each at night, as sole manipulator of an aircraft of the same category, class, and (if a type rating required) type
- B.3 day takeoffs and landings
- C.A night flight review
- D.One night landing to a full stop
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. 3 takeoffs and 3 landings to a full stop, each at night, as sole manipulator of an aircraft of the same category, class, and (if a type rating required) type§61.57(b). Night currency is separate from day currency and requires full-stop landings (touch-and-goes don't count) during the period 1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise.
- Question 46
Third-class medical duration for a pilot age 40 or older on the date of the exam:
- A.24 calendar months
- B.36 calendar months
- C.60 calendar months
- D.12 calendar months
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. 24 calendar months§61.23(d). Under 40 → 60 calendar months; 40 or over → 24. Expiration is the last day of the calendar month in which it would otherwise expire.
- Question 47
A one-time endorsement is required to act as PIC of a high-performance airplane. High-performance means:
- A.An airplane with an engine of more than 200 horsepower
- B.An airplane with retractable gear, flaps, and controllable-pitch propeller
- C.An airplane above 12,500 lb MTOW
- D.Any turbocharged airplane
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. An airplane with an engine of more than 200 horsepower§61.31(f). Complex (gear + flaps + CSP) is a separate endorsement under §61.31(e). Don't conflate the two.
- Question 48
A student pilot's solo cross-country endorsement from an authorized instructor is valid for:
- A.The specific flight, after the instructor reviews the student's preflight planning and current/forecast weather for that flight
- B.90 days
- C.30 days
- D.As long as the student pilot certificate
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. The specific flight, after the instructor reviews the student's preflight planning and current/forecast weather for that flight§61.93(c). Each solo XC requires a specific endorsement for that flight. The general solo endorsement under §61.87/§61.89 is renewed every 90 days.
- Question 49
A private pilot may log pilot-in-command time when they are:
- A.The sole manipulator of the controls of an aircraft for which they are rated — regardless of who is acting as PIC
- B.Only when they have paying passengers onboard
- C.Only when no instructor is aboard
- D.Only when holding a medical certificate
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. The sole manipulator of the controls of an aircraft for which they are rated — regardless of who is acting as PIC§61.51(e). Logging PIC and acting as PIC are different. A private pilot can log PIC while receiving dual instruction from a CFI, who is acting as PIC.
- Question 50
Required instruments for day VFR flight in a powered civil aircraft include (§91.205(b)):
- A.Airspeed indicator, altimeter, magnetic compass, tachometer each engine, oil pressure, manifold pressure gauge for each altitude (turbocharged/supercharged) engine, temperature gauge for each liquid-cooled engine, oil temp for each air-cooled engine, fuel gauges, landing gear position (retract), ELT, seat belts — among others
- B.Only airspeed, altimeter, and compass
- C.Only the G1000 PFD
- D.Attitude indicator and directional gyro
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. Airspeed indicator, altimeter, magnetic compass, tachometer each engine, oil pressure, manifold pressure gauge for each altitude (turbocharged/supercharged) engine, temperature gauge for each liquid-cooled engine, oil temp for each air-cooled engine, fuel gauges, landing gear position (retract), ELT, seat belts — among othersA-TOMATOFLAMES: Airspeed, Tachometer, Oil pressure, Manifold (if needed), Altimeter, Temperature (liquid-cooled), Oil temp, Fuel gauge, Landing gear position (retract), Anti-collision lights (if cert after Mar 11, 1996), Magnetic compass, ELT, Seat belts. Attitude indicator/HI are NOT required for day VFR.
- Question 51
Additional equipment required for night VFR flight beyond the day VFR list (§91.205(c)):
- A.Fuses (spare) or circuit breakers, Landing light (if for hire), Anti-collision lights, Position lights, Source of electrical power — "FLAPS"
- B.An ADF receiver
- C.A transponder with altitude encoding
- D.Dual navigation radios
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. Fuses (spare) or circuit breakers, Landing light (if for hire), Anti-collision lights, Position lights, Source of electrical power — "FLAPS"Night VFR = day list + FLAPS: spare Fuses (or CBs), Landing light (if for hire only), Anti-collision lights, Position lights, Source of electrical power.
- Question 52
ELT batteries must be replaced (or recharged, if rechargeable) when:
- A.The transmitter has been in use for more than 1 cumulative hour, or 50% of the useful life of the battery has expired
- B.Every 30 days
- C.Every 12 months regardless
- D.Only during the annual inspection
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. The transmitter has been in use for more than 1 cumulative hour, or 50% of the useful life of the battery has expired§91.207(c). The ELT inspection itself is required every 12 calendar months under §91.207(d).
- Question 53
§91.103 requires pilots to become familiar with all available information for the flight. For any flight this specifically includes (mnemonic NWKRAFT):
- A.NOTAMs, Weather reports/forecasts, Known ATC delays, Runway lengths at airports of intended use, Alternates, Fuel requirements, Takeoff/landing distance data
- B.Only the destination METAR
- C.Only a visual inspection of the runway
- D.Nothing beyond the pilot's judgment
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. NOTAMs, Weather reports/forecasts, Known ATC delays, Runway lengths at airports of intended use, Alternates, Fuel requirements, Takeoff/landing distance data§91.103 is the preflight-action rule. Memorize the list or you'll miss a PAR item.
- Question 54
Regarding seat belts and shoulder harnesses (§91.107):
- A.Each person on board must be briefed on how to fasten/unfasten the belt; belts must be worn during movement on the surface, takeoff, and landing; shoulder harnesses (if installed) must be worn for takeoff and landing
- B.Belts are optional after reaching cruise
- C.Only the pilot is required to wear a belt
- D.Shoulder harnesses are required only in jets
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. Each person on board must be briefed on how to fasten/unfasten the belt; belts must be worn during movement on the surface, takeoff, and landing; shoulder harnesses (if installed) must be worn for takeoff and landing§91.107(a)(1)-(3). Shoulder harness must be worn for takeoff/landing if the seat is equipped, unless the person cannot perform required duties with it on.
- Question 55
Right-of-way priority when converging at approximately the same altitude, from most to least right-of-way (§91.113):
- A.Aircraft in distress → balloon → glider → airship → powered parachute/weight-shift → airplane/rotorcraft (least)
- B.Airplane > glider > balloon
- C.Whoever is highest
- D.The aircraft on the left
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. Aircraft in distress → balloon → glider → airship → powered parachute/weight-shift → airplane/rotorcraft (least)§91.113(d). Distress beats everything. Among flying machines, the least maneuverable has priority. Aircraft towing or refueling other aircraft have priority over other engine-driven aircraft.
- Question 56
Aircraft speed limits under §91.117:
- A.≤250 KIAS below 10,000 ft MSL; ≤200 KIAS within 4 NM of the primary Class C/D airport at or below 2,500 ft AGL; ≤200 KIAS in airspace underlying Class B or in a VFR corridor through Class B
- B.250 KIAS everywhere below 10k
- C.200 KIAS in Class B itself
- D.No limit below 10,000 ft MSL
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. ≤250 KIAS below 10,000 ft MSL; ≤200 KIAS within 4 NM of the primary Class C/D airport at or below 2,500 ft AGL; ≤200 KIAS in airspace underlying Class B or in a VFR corridor through Class B§91.117. Inside Class B there's no specific 200 KIAS limit beyond the 250/10,000 rule; the 200 KIAS limits apply underneath and around Class B. Many ATC clearances impose slower speeds.
- Question 57
VFR fuel reserves — minimum planning required under §91.151:
- A.Day: enough fuel to fly to the destination, then 30 minutes at normal cruising speed. Night: 45 minutes
- B.Day 30 minutes, night 30 minutes
- C.Day 45 minutes, night 60 minutes
- D.Whatever the POH specifies
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. Day: enough fuel to fly to the destination, then 30 minutes at normal cruising speed. Night: 45 minutes§91.151(a). This is a planning requirement. Reaching destination with less than reserve in the tanks is a separate problem (fuel emergency).
- Question 58
Aerobatic flight minimums under §91.303 — you may not perform aerobatics:
- A.Over any congested area, open-air assembly, in Class B/C/D or Class E at an airport, within 4 NM of an airway, below 1,500 ft AGL, or with visibility less than 3 SM
- B.Below 500 ft AGL only
- C.Without a parachute
- D.On weekends
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. Over any congested area, open-air assembly, in Class B/C/D or Class E at an airport, within 4 NM of an airway, below 1,500 ft AGL, or with visibility less than 3 SM§91.303. Aerobatic = intentional maneuver with abrupt attitude change, abnormal attitude, or abnormal acceleration — not necessary for normal flight.
- Question 59
A VFR flight plan filed with Flight Service is:
- A.Activated after departure (by calling FSS or via EFB) and must be closed on arrival — VFR flight plans are NOT automatically closed the way IFR plans are
- B.Activated automatically at departure
- C.Closed automatically on landing
- D.Required for all VFR flight
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. Activated after departure (by calling FSS or via EFB) and must be closed on arrival — VFR flight plans are NOT automatically closed the way IFR plans areFailure to close → SAR alert starts 30 min after ETA. Use 1-800-WX-BRIEF, EFB app, or ask ATC to relay the close.
- Question 60
Required inspections for a privately operated airplane (not for hire):
- A.Annual inspection (every 12 calendar months); transponder check every 24 calendar months; ELT inspection every 12 calendar months; altimeter/static check every 24 calendar months if flown IFR; VOR check every 30 days if flown IFR (§91.171)
- B.100-hour inspection is always required
- C.No inspection required
- D.Daily mechanic inspection
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. Annual inspection (every 12 calendar months); transponder check every 24 calendar months; ELT inspection every 12 calendar months; altimeter/static check every 24 calendar months if flown IFR; VOR check every 30 days if flown IFR (§91.171)100-hour inspections (§91.409(b)) are required only for aircraft used for hire, or for flight instruction given for hire in aircraft the instructor provides. Owner-operators otherwise only need the annual.
- Question 61
Supplemental oxygen (§91.211) for the required flight crew in unpressurized aircraft:
- A.12,500 to 14,000 ft MSL: O2 required for any portion exceeding 30 minutes. Above 14,000 MSL: required at all times. Above 15,000 MSL: O2 must be provided to each occupant
- B.Above 10,000 MSL always required
- C.Only above FL250
- D.Never required in unpressurized aircraft
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A. 12,500 to 14,000 ft MSL: O2 required for any portion exceeding 30 minutes. Above 14,000 MSL: required at all times. Above 15,000 MSL: O2 must be provided to each occupantPulse oximeters and portable O2 systems are cheap insurance for long flights at mid-altitudes. Night vision degrades above ~5,000 ft DA; many pilots use O2 above 5,000 ft at night.
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